Metabolic syndrome

Evaluate your cardiovascular risk

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7 Cardiovascular Risk Factors

How do your analysis results, for each risk factor, compare to normal values?
Adjust each cursor according to the corresponding normal values.

Identification of Particularly Risky Situations

• Coronary artery disease/known or established atherosclerosis
• Diabetes
  All diabetic patients are considered to be particularly at risk, and this even though in the case of well balanced type I diabetes with no secondary complications, the cardiovascular risk is only slightly higher than in the non-diabetic population.
• Familial hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia)
• Metabolic syndrome - Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome:
  • At least three of the following criteria have to be filled: 
  • Waist circumference > 102 cm for men, > 88 cm for women 
  • Fasting triglycerides = 1.7 mmol/l
  • HDL-cholesterol <1.0 mmol/l for men, <1.3 mmol/l for women
  • Systolic blood pressure = 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure = 85 mm Hg
  • Fasting blood glucose = 6.1 mmol/l (= 5.6 mmol/l according to the ADA (American Diabetes Association))

Normal values

• Blood pressure : Less than 140/90 mm Hg 
  If diabetic: less than 135/85 mm Hg 

• Glycemia (blood sugar) (normal) : Fasting : between 4 and 5.5 mmol/l, 2h after a meal (post prandial): less than 7.7 mmol/l 
  If diabetic: fasting: between 5.6 and 6.8 mmol/l, 2h after a meal (post prandial): between 7.8 and 11 mmol/l 

• Lipids
  • LDL-cholesterol:
    • High risk patients³ (> 20%): < 2.6 mmol/l (If you have had a heart attack or have atherosclerosis, you are in a high risk category) 
    • Intermediate risk patients (10 - 20%): < 3.4 mmol/l
    • Low risk patients (> 10%): < 4.1 mmol/l
    • Patients with no cardiovascular risk factors: 4.9 mmol/l
  • Triglycerides
    • TG > 1.7 mmol/l: treatment if diabetes or metabolic syndrome. 
    • TG > 5.0 mmol/l: treatment in all cases 
    • TG > 10.0 mmol/l (VI): Main objective: avoid acute pancreatitis, consultation with lipid specialist
  • HDL-cholesterol
    • If levels are low: increase levels of HDL-cholesterol (no target levels) by improving lifestyle: abstinence from tobacco, physical exercise, weight loss if overweight or obese.
• Obesity
  • Obesity: BMI above 30 kg/m2 
  • Overweight: BMI between 25-30 kg/m2
  • Waist circumference
    Should be less than 102 cm for men, 88 cm for women
• Sedentary lifestyle
  A sedentary person is someone who has less than 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity per day (e.g., rapid walking)

• Cigarette smoking
  Smoker or non-smoker

• Stress
  Difficult to evaluate normal level